\(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,1}{4}>\dfrac{0,1}{5}\) 
=> P dư 
\(n_{P\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5}n_{O_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ m_{P\left(d\right)}=\left(0,1-0,08\right).31=0,62\left(g\right)\)

\(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(4P+5O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2P_2O_5\)

bđ      0,1       0,1

pư     0,08     0,1

spư    0,02     0         

=> P dư

\(m_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,02.31=0,62\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{N_2O_5}=\dfrac{10.8}{108}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(2N_2+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2N_2O_5\)

\(.......0.25.....0.1\)

\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.3-0.25\right)\cdot32=1.6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_S=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}SO_2\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{1}\) 
=> S dư 
\(n_{S\left(P\text{Ư}\right)}=n_{SO_2}=n_{O_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_S=\left(0,1-0,05\right).32=1,6\left(g\right)\\ V_{SO_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

a, \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\) - pư hóa hợp

b, \(n_P=\dfrac{12,4}{31}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{O_2}=36,96.20\%=7,392\left(l\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{7,392}{22,4}=0,33\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,33}{5}\), ta được P dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{P\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5}n_{O_2}=0,264\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,264=0,136\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,136.31=4,216\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{O_2}=0,132\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,132.142=18,744\left(g\right)\)

\(n_P = \dfrac{6,2}{31} = 0,2(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ \dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,05 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,06\)

Do đó : O₂ dư.

4P       +        5O₂        \(\xrightarrow{t^o} \)  2P₂O₅

0,2..............0,25..................0,1..................(mol)

\(n_{O_2\ dư} = 0,3 - 0,25 = 0,05(mol)\)

\(m_{P_2O_5} = 0,1.142 = 14,2(gam)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{to}2Al_2O_3\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,25}{3}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\\ \Rightarrow O_2dư\\ n_{O_2\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{4}{2}.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.m_{Al\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ b.\%m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\%V_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\%n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,25-0,15}{0,15}.100\approx66,667\%\)

nP = 2,48/31 = 0,08 (mol)

PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> (t°) 2P2O5

Mol: 0,08 ---> 0,1 ---> 0,04

mP2O5 = 0,04 . 142 = 5,68 (g)

b) nO2 = 4/32 = 0,125 (mol)

So sánh: 0,125 > 0,1 => O2 dư

nO2 (dư) = 0,125 - 0,1 = 0,025 (mol)

mO2 (dư) = 0,025 . 32 = 0,8 (g)